An Evaluation of Nurses' Awareness and Practices in Infection Prevention and Control in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital
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Background of the Study
Infection prevention and control (IPC) are critical components of healthcare systems, ensuring the safety of both patients and healthcare workers. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a significant global challenge, leading to prolonged hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and higher morbidity and mortality rates (WHO, 2023). Nurses, being the largest workforce in healthcare, play a pivotal role in implementing IPC measures to reduce the transmission of infectious diseases (Olalekan & Bello, 2024).
In Nigeria, the burden of HAIs remains high, partly due to inadequate adherence to IPC protocols among healthcare professionals (Adepoju et al., 2023). The Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), as a leading tertiary hospital, is expected to maintain high IPC standards. However, compliance with IPC guidelines among nurses may be influenced by factors such as knowledge, awareness, availability of resources, and institutional policies.
This study aims to evaluate nurses’ awareness and practices regarding IPC at LASUTH, identifying gaps and providing recommendations to strengthen infection control measures in healthcare settings.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the well-documented importance of IPC in preventing infections, non-compliance with standard protocols remains a persistent issue in many healthcare facilities, including LASUTH. Studies have shown that inadequate knowledge and poor adherence to IPC practices contribute to the high prevalence of HAIs in Nigeria (Eze & Okonkwo, 2023).
Nurses are expected to uphold best practices in hand hygiene, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, environmental sanitation, and safe handling of medical equipment. However, challenges such as insufficient training, workload pressure, and lack of resources may hinder effective implementation. There is limited empirical evidence assessing the level of awareness and actual IPC practices among nurses at LASUTH. This study seeks to bridge this gap by evaluating nurses’ knowledge, awareness, and compliance with IPC measures to inform better policy and practice interventions.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the level of awareness of infection prevention and control among nurses at LASUTH.
- To evaluate nurses' adherence to standard IPC practices in their clinical duties.
- To identify challenges affecting the implementation of IPC measures among nurses at LASUTH.
Research Questions
- What is the level of awareness of IPC among nurses at LASUTH?
- To what extent do nurses adhere to standard IPC practices?
- What challenges do nurses face in implementing IPC measures?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurses at LASUTH have a high level of awareness of infection prevention and control.
- Nurses at LASUTH strictly adhere to standard IPC practices.
- Various challenges, including workload and resource availability, impact nurses’ ability to implement IPC measures effectively.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on registered nurses at LASUTH, evaluating their awareness and adherence to IPC protocols. Data collection will include surveys, observations, and interviews. Limitations may include self-reported biases and variability in IPC training among participants.
Definitions of Terms
- Infection Prevention and Control (IPC): Strategies and procedures implemented to prevent and reduce the transmission of infectious diseases in healthcare settings.
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs): Infections acquired by patients during hospital care that were not present at the time of admission.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Equipment such as gloves, masks, and gowns used to protect healthcare workers from infection exposure.
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